@book{ASICSmithMJS,
	title = {{Application-Specific Integrated Circuits}},
	author = "Smith, Michael John Sebastian",
	publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
	year = "1997",
	ISBN = "0201500221",
}

@misc{ECDSAcerticom,
	url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20170921160141/http://cs.ucsb.edu/~koc/ccs130h/notes/ecdsa-cert.pdf",
 	note = "Accessed 21 September 2017, but the original link was inaccessible on 19 October 2017. Refer to section 6.2 for ECDSAPUBKEY, and section 7 for ECDSASIGN and ECDSARECOVER.",
	title = {{The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)}},
	publisher = {{Certicom Research}},
	location = "Canada",
	author = "Don Johnson
and Alfred Menezes
and Scott Vanstone",
	year = "2001",
	abstract = "The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is the elliptic curve analogue of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). It was accepted in 1999 as an ANSI standard, and was accepted in 2000 as IEEE and NIST standards. It was also accepted in 1998 as an ISO standard, and is under consideration for inclusion in some other ISO standards. Unlike the ordinary discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem, no subexponential-time algorithm is known for the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. For this reason, the strength-per-key-bit is substantially greater in an algorithm that uses elliptic curves. This paper describes the ANSI X9.62 ECDSA, and discusses related security, implementation, and interoperability issues.",
}

@misc{commitdateforEthash,
	url = "https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/commit/77a8cf2428ce245bf6e2c39c5e652ba58a278666#commitcomment-24644869",
	author = "Christoph Jentzsch",
	year = "2015",
	publisher = "Github",
	title = "Commit date for Ethash",
}

@misc{npmElectrum2017,
	url = "https://www.npmjs.com/package/electrum",
	author = "Arnaud, Pierre
and Schroeter, Mathieu
and Le Barbare, Sam",
	title = {{Electrum}},
	year = {{2017}},
}

@Inbook{Courtois2014,
	author="Courtois, Nicolas T.
and Grajek, Marek
and Naik, Rahul",
	editor="Kotulski, Zbigniew
and Ksi{\k{e}}{\.{z}}opolski, Bogdan
and Mazur, Katarzyna",
	title="Optimizing SHA256 in Bitcoin Mining",
	bookTitle="Cryptography and Security Systems: Third International Conference, CSS 2014, Lublin, Poland, September 22-24, 2014. Proceedings",
	year="2014",
	publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
	address="Berlin, Heidelberg",
	pages="131--144",
abstract="Bitcoin is a ``crypto currency'', a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on cryptography. It implements a particular type of peer-to-peer payment system. Bitcoin depends on well-known cryptographic standards such as SHA-256. In this paper we revisit the cryptographic process which allows one to make money by producing new bitcoins. We reformulate this problem as a specific sort of Constrained Input Small Output (CISO) hashing problem and reduce the problem to a pure block cipher problem, cf. Fig. 1. We estimate the speed of this process and we show that the amortized cost of this process is less than it seems and it depends on a certain cryptographic constant which is estimated to be at most 1.89. These optimizations enable bitcoin miners to save countless millions of dollars per year in electricity bills.",
	isbn="978-3-662-44893-9",
	doi="10.1007/978-3-662-44893-9_12",
	url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44893-9_12",
}

@misc{Keccak,
	url = "https://keccak.team/files/Keccak-submission-3.pdf",
	_note = "Accessed 1 July 2019.",
	author = "Guido Bertoni
and Joan Daemen
and Michaël Peeters
and Gilles Van Assche",
	title = {{The KECCAK SHA-3 submission}},
	year = "2011",
}

@Book{Davey2002_zbMATH01748069,
    Author = "B.A. {Davey} and H.A. {Priestley}",
    Title = "Introduction to lattices and order. 2nd ed.",
    Edition = "2nd ed.",
    ISBN = "0-521-78451-4/pbk",
    Pages = "xii + 298",
    Year = "2002",
    Publisher = "Cambridge: Cambridge University Press",
    Language = "English",
    MSC2010 = "06-01",
    Zbl = "1002.06001",
}

@Misc{EIP-2,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2",
	title = "{EIP}-2: Homestead Hard-fork Changes",
	author = "Vitalik Buterin",
	year = "2015",
}

@Misc{EIP-100,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-100",
	author = "Vitalik Buterin",
	title = "{EIP}-100: Change difficulty adjustment to target mean block time including uncles",
	year = "2016",
	month = "April",
}

@Misc{EIP-152,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-152",
	author = "Hess, Tjaden and Luongo, Matt and Dyraga, Piotr and Hancock, James",
	title = "{EIP}-152: Add {BLAKE2} compression function `{F}` precompile",
	year = "2016",
	month = "October",
}

@Misc{EIP-155,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-155",
	author = "Vitalik Buterin",
	title = "{EIP}-155: Simple replay attack protection",
	year = "2016",
	month = "October",
}

@Misc{EIP-649,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-649",
	author = "Afri Schoedon and Vitalik Buterin",
	title = "{EIP}-649: Metropolis Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Reduction",
	year = "2017",
	month = "June",
}

@Misc{EIP-1014,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014",
	author = "Vitalik Buterin",
	title = "{EIP}-1014: Skinny {CREATE2}",
	year = "2018",
	month = "April",
}

@Misc{EIP-1234,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1234",
	title = "{EIP}-1234: Constantinople Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Adjustment",
	author = "Afri Schoedon",
	year = "2018",
}

@Misc{EIP-1559,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559",
	title = "{EIP}-1559: Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain",
	author = "Buterin, Vitalik and Conner, Eric and Dudley, Rick and Slipper, Matthew and Norden, Ian and Bakhta, Abdelhamid",
	year = "2019",
}

@Misc{EIP-1679,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1679",
	title = "{EIP}-1679: Hardfork Meta: Istanbul",
	author = "Beregszaszi, Alex and Schoedon, Afri",
	year = "2019",
}

@Misc{EIP-2200,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200",
	title = "{EIP}-2200: Structured Definitions for Net Gas Metering",
	author = "Wei Tang",
	year = "2019",
}

@Misc{EIP-2384,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2384",
	title = "{EIP}-2384: {Muir Glacier} Difficulty Bomb Delay",
	author = "Eric Conner",
	year = "2019",
	month = "November",
}

@Misc{EIP-2718,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718",
	title = "{EIP}-2718: Typed Transaction Envelope",
	author = "Zoltu, Micah",
	year = "2020",
	month = "June",
}

@Misc{EIP-2929,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929",
	title = "{EIP}-2929: Gas cost increases for state access opcodes",
	author = "Buterin, Vitalik and Swende, Martin",
	year = "2020",
	month = "September",
}

@Misc{EIP-2930,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2930",
	title = "{EIP}-2930: Optional access lists",
	author = "Buterin, Vitalik and Swende, Martin",
	year = "2020",
	month = "August",
}

@Misc{EIP-3529,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3529",
	title = "{EIP}-3529: Reduction in refunds",
	author = "Buterin, Vitalik and Swende, Martin",
	year = "2021",
	month = "April",
}

@Misc{EIP-3541,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3541",
	title = "{EIP}-3541: Reject new contract code starting with the 0xEF byte",
	author = "Beregszaszi, Alex and Bylica, Pawe\l{} and Maiboroda, Andrei and Akhunov, Alexey and Reitwiessner, Christian and Swende, Martin",
	year = "2021",
	month = "March",
}

@Misc{EIP-3554,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3554",
	title = "{EIP}-3554: Difficulty Bomb Delay to {December} 2021",
	author = "Hancock, James",
	year = "2021",
	month = "May",
}

@Misc{EIP-3607,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3607",
	title = "{EIP}-3607: Reject transactions from senders with deployed code",
	author = "Feist, Dankrad and Khovratovich, Dmitry and van der Wijden, Marius",
	year = "2021",
	month = "June",
}

@Misc{EIP-4345,
	url = "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4345",
	title = "{EIP}-4345: Difficulty Bomb Delay to {June} 2022",
	author = "Beiko, Tim and Hancock, James and Rush, Thomas Jay",
	year = "2021",
	month = "October",
}

@misc{EIP-5133,
  url    = {https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5133},
  title  = {{EIP}-5133: Delaying Difficulty Bomb to mid-{September} 2022},
  author = {Tomasz Kajetan Stanczak
            and Eric Marti Haynes
            and Josh Klopfenstein
            and Abhimanyu Nag},
  year   = {2022},
  month  = {June}
}

@Misc{cryptoeprint:2013:881,
	url = "https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/881",
	author = "Sompolinsky, Yonatan and Zohar, Aviv",
	title = "Accelerating Bitcoin{'}s Transaction Processing. Fast Money Grows on Trees, Not Chains",
	year = "2013",
}

@InCollection{gura2004comparing,
	url = "https://www.iacr.org/archive/ches2004/31560117/31560117.pdf",
	_note = "\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810035057/https://www.iacr.org/archive/ches2004/31560117/31560117.pdf}",
	BookTitle = "Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems-CHES 2004",
	Publisher = "Springer",
	author = "Gura, Nils and Patel, Arun and Wander, Arvinderpal and Eberle, Hans and Shantz, Sheueling Chang",
	title = "Comparing elliptic curve cryptography and {RSA} on 8-bit {CPUs}",
	pages = "119-132",
	year = "2004",
}

@InProceedings{laurie2004proof,
	BookTitle = "Workshop on Economics and Information, Security",
	author = "Laurie, Ben and Clayton, Richard",
	title = "{``}Proof-of-Work{''} proves not to work; version 0.2",
	year = "2004",
}

@Misc{vishnumurthy03karma:a,
    url = "https://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/egs/papers/karma.pdf",
    _note = "\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810031834/https://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/egs/papers/karma.pdf}",
    author = "Vivek Vishnumurthy and Sangeeth Chandrakumar and Emin Gün Sirer",
    title = "{KARMA}: A Secure Economic Framework for Peer-to-Peer Resource Sharing",
    year = "2003",
}

@InProceedings{dwork92pricingvia,
    _note = "\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810035254/http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/pvp.pdf}",
    url = "http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/pvp.pdf",
    author = "Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor",
    title = {Pricing via processing or combatting junk mail},
    booktitle = {In 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference},
    year = {1992},
    pages = {139--147},
}

@misc{nakamoto2008bitcoin,
	url = {{http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf}},
	_note = "The above URL is recommended by the author here: https://www.mail-archive.com/cryptography@metzdowd.com/msg09959.html.",
	title = {{Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system}},
	author = {Nakamoto, Satoshi},
	_journal = {{Consulted}},
	_volume = {{1}},
	_pages = {2012},
	year = {{2008}},
}

@Misc{sprankel2013technical,
	url = {{http://www.coderblog.de/wp-content/uploads/technical-basis-of-digital-currencies.pdf}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810025028/http://www.coderblog.de/wp-content/uploads/technical-basis-of-digital-currencies.pdf}}},
	author = {Sprankel, Simon},
	title = {{Technical Basis of Digital Currencies}},
	year = {{2013}},
}

@Article{aron2012bitcoin,
	url = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407912601055}},
	Publisher = {{Elsevier}},
	author = {Aron, Jacob},
	title = {{BitCoin software finds new life}},
	journal = {{New Scientist}},
	volume = {{213}},
	number = {{2847}},
	pages = {20},
	year = {{2012}},
}

@misc{mastercoin2013willett,
	url = {{https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810035927/https://github.com/OmniLayer/spec}}},
	author = {Willett, J. R.},
	title = {{MasterCoin Complete Specification}},
	year = {{2013}},
}

@misc{colouredcoins2012rosenfeld,
	url = {{https://github.com/Colored-Coins/Colored-Coins-Protocol-Specification}},
	_note = {{Archive: \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20180220235952/https://github.com/Colored-Coins/Colored-Coins-Protocol-Specification}. Earlier version: \url{https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AnkP_cVZTCMLIzw4DvsW6M8Q2JC0lIzrTLuoWu2z1BE/}}},
	author = {Meni Rosenfeld and Yoni Assia and Vitalik Buterin and m liorhakiLior and Oded Leiba and Assaf Shomer and Eliran Zach},
	title = {{Colored Coins Protocol Specification}},
	year = {{2012}},
}

@incollection{boutellier2014pirates,
	url = {{https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319040158}},
	_note = {{\url{http://wiki.erights.org/wiki/Documentation} and \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810040208/https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319040158}}},
	booktitle = {{Growth Through Innovation}},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	author = {Boutellier, Roman and Heinzen, Mareike},
	title = {{Pirates, Pioneers, Innovators and Imitators}},
	pages = {85-96},
	year = {{2014}},
}

@Article{szabo1997formalizing,
	url = {{http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/548}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810042659/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/548}}},
	author = {Szabo, Nick},
	title = {{Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks}},
	journal = {{First Monday}},
	volume = {{2}},
	number = {{9}},
	year = {{1997}},
}

@InProceedings{miller1997future,
	url = {{https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bw0VXJKBgYPMS0J2VGIyWWlocms/edit?usp=sharing}},
	BookTitle = {{paper delivered at the Extro 3 Conference (August 9)}},
	author = {Miller, Mark},
	title = {{The Future of Law}},
	year = {{1997}},
}

@misc{buterin2013ethereum,
	url = {{https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper}},
	author = {Vitalik Buterin},
	title = {{Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform}},
	year = {{2013}},
}

@misc{back2002hashcash,
	url = {{http://www.hashcash.org/papers/amortizable.pdf}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810043047/http://www.hashcash.org/papers/amortizable.pdf}}},
	author = {Adam Back},
	title = {{Hashcash - Amortizable Publicly Auditable Cost-Functions}},
	year = {{2002}},
}

@misc{hashimoto,
	url = {{http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/bitcoin/meh/hashimoto.pdf}},
	_note = "Using the ~bryan link after an affirmative reply from the author. If that doesn't work anymore, consider https://web.archive.org/web/20170810043640/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3b23/7cc60c1b9650e260318d33bec471b8202d5e.pdf",
	author = {Thaddeus Dryja},
	title = {{Hashimoto: I/O bound proof of work}},
	year = {{2014}},
}

@misc{dagger,
	url = {{http://www.hashcash.org/papers/dagger.html}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810043955/http://www.hashcash.org/papers/dagger.html}. Dead original link as of 10 August 2017: \url{http://vitalik.ca/ethereum/dagger.html}}},
	author = {Vitalik Buterin},
	title = {{Dagger: A Memory-Hard to Compute, Memory-Easy to Verify Scrypt Alternative}},
	year = {{2013}},
}

@misc{lerner2014randmemohash,
	url = {{http://www.hashcash.org/papers/memohash.pdf}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20170810044110/http://www.hashcash.org/papers/memohash.pdf}}},
	author = {Sergio Demian Lerner},
	title = {{Strict Memory Hard Hashing Functions}},
	year = {{2014}},
}

@misc{FowlerNollVo1991FNVHash,
	url = {{http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html}},
	_note = {{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20180205025406/http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html}}},
	author = {Glenn Fowler, Landon Curt Noll, Phong Vo},
	title = {{Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function}},
	year = {{1991}},
}

@misc{RFC-7693,
	url = "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7693",
	author = "Markku--Juhani Saarinen and Jean--Philippe Aumasson",
	title = "{RFC} 7693: The {BLAKE2} Cryptographic Hash and Message Authentication Code ({MAC})",
	year = "2015",
	month = "November",
}

@misc{BeikoBerlin,
	url = "https://github.com/ethereum/eth1.0-specs/blob/master/network-upgrades/mainnet-upgrades/berlin.md",
	author = "Beiko, Tim and others",
	title = "Berlin Network Upgrade Specification",
	year = "2021",
}

@misc{BeikoLondon,
	url = "https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/master/network-upgrades/mainnet-upgrades/london.md",
	author = "Beiko, Tim and others",
	title = "London Network Upgrade Specification",
	year = "2021",
}
